Physical changes in adolescence

The onset of adolescence occurs with physical changes that occur in the body , associated with growth and with the preparation of the organs for reproduction . However, during adolescence experience changes not only biological but also psychological changes and social. All these changes and how they live determine how they build the image of herself / or (Ortega, 2007).

The sudden and rapid changes at the physical changes that adolescents experience typically lend this period of development of self-consciousness, sensitivity and concern over one’s body changes while excruciating comparisons between oneself and peers.

Because physical changes may not occur in a smooth, regular schedule, adolescents may go through stages of awkwardness, both in terms of appearance and physical mobility and coordination. Unnecessary anxieties may arise if adolescent girls are not informed and prepared for the start of menstrual periods or if adolescent males are not provided accurate information about nocturnal emissions.

Teasing an adolescent child about physical changes is not good, because it can cause self-consciousness and embarrassment. Parents should remember that the adolescent’s interest in body changes and sexual topics is natural, normal development and do not necessarily indicate movement into sexual activity (Mannheim, 2009).

Psychological changes

In addition to the physiological changes that are known and accepted by most parents to be little information, other physiological changes occur, which are considered normal, but many parents are caught off guard who consult professionals because your child does not is the same as last year, and are afraid that something bad happens. Some of these changes are described below:

Crisis of opposition, as to the need to assert themselves, to form a self different from their parents who have been closely linked so far, with need for autonomy, intellectual and emotional independence.

Emotional disorder: sometimes with sensitivity to the surface and others where it seems to lack emotions. That’s why one day the children surprised with a hug and another day reject any sign of affection. One day you wake up for no apparent reason giving grunts, possibly simply because their hormones are playing him tricks.

Overactive imagination, dream, and this is not just a defense mechanism against a world for which they are unprepared. It is a means of transforming reality, you can imagine a future, as models or elite players, or surf champions, actors, and so on. They can change the world, do better.

Narcissism: It is recognized when the adolescent begins to be, just for the hours you spend in the mirror. It attaches paramount importance to your physique: You can lament a pimple on the nose, obsessed with clothes, being fat or thin, constantly want to be perfect though his view of aesthetics has nothing to do with the parents or of society.

Teen Sexuality

There are now data showing that a high proportion of teenagers across the world start their sexual practices increasingly early ages, specifically intercourse. This involves unwanted maternity, emotional disorders and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection and other serious problems associated with sexual and reproductive behavior, such as the prevalence of risky sexual behaviors. From the above drawbacks is the most relevant pregnancy, which has to do on one side with the health and development of young mothers and their children, and the other with social and demographic consequences that carries the pregnancy at this stage of life (Pineda, Ramos, Frias and Cantu, 2001).

Unplanned pregnancy among adolescents

Unplanned pregnancy among adolescents is the product of the lack of information on contraception, unprotected sex, contraceptive failure or incorrect use of contraception. Is also associated with risky behaviors like alcoholism and drogadicción.Independientemente to be desired or not, the teen pregnancy could endanger the life of the mother. According to WHO, the safest age for pregnancy is 20 to 24 years of age.

Some of the medical reasons to avoid pregnancy in less than 18 years, is that there is complete bone development and has not reached maximum mineral mass and the relative immaturity of the birth canal. Among the most common complications of teenage pregnancy are anemia, severe bacterial infections, preterm delivery, prolonged and obstructed labor, cephalopelvic disproportion, fetal death and the formation of recto-vaginal fistulas or cysto-vaginal . The mortality related to pregnancy and childbirth is two to five times higher among women under 18 years of age between 20 to 29 years of age (Diaz, 2003).

During 2000 there were 180 maternal deaths in young women, representing the fourth leading cause of death in women in this age group. These data reveal the need for adequate reproductive health services and methods of preventing unintended pregnancies to the characteristics and needs of this population group. Early initiation of sexual activity, risk behaviors, the deterioration of the social fabric and lack of appropriate services for foster teens sexually transmitted infections, including AIDS and unplanned pregnancies. Teen mothers are responsible for 10% of births in the world, but not all of these pregnancies are unwanted. Many of the married adolescent girls become pregnant because they want to raise a family. In some communities, young single women see motherhood as a way to rise in social status and gain recognition as adults, or think they will help maintain a stable relationship with the child’s parent / a. In traditional social groups is given a high value on fertility and childlessness may lead to the husband or partner to leave the home or divorce. Therefore, some young women become pregnant before marriage to prove they are fertile, while some newly married adolescents conceive guarantee a child safety as soon as possible (Díaz, 2003).

Responsible sexual life

Education and information on the use of contraceptive methods represent a fundamental weapon in the fight against AIDS in Latin America, especially among the younger population. Promoting responsible and healthy sexual life has gradually gained ground, with messages that go beyond the use of contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancies, covering vital issues such as prevention of diseases and sexually transmitted infections (Rowland, 2010) .

Birth Control

In the last decade has greatly increased the knowledge and dissemination of contraceptive methods among adolescent students and young women with a partner. The most popular method of contraception is the condom in 85 percent of students and the natives are known in 40 percent of them. However, the condom is used only three percent of adolescents to five percent of natural methods.

A myth among the population is that the condom reduces pleasure during intercourse, a situation that is more psychological than real. Also a factor is the pressure of religion on the population to use natural methods and artificial ban. In short, not enough theoretical information and learning the use of contraceptives, and that its release should be group and experiential techniques, besides being related to healthy lifestyles, taking into account the variety of views and positions on the sexuality.

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It is feasible that when programs and reproductive health for adolescents, taking into account the cultural differences of each group throughout the country, enriching its content with topics, where the exercise of sexuality is displayed as satisfactory conduct, enjoyable and necessary for human development and which promote healthy youth groups, climates flattering and life skills to increase the percentage of contraceptive use, because then it will be seen as a means to achieve fulfillment and happiness of the human (Fernandez, 2001).

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

HIV continues to grabbing the attention of international health organizations. There is a dramatic increase in cases of HIV / AIDS. In particular, the risks are highest for women aged between 15 and 25 years, now have half of the recent victims with this infection. On the other hand, the cervical cancer puzzle has begun to be elucidated, and has now established the etiologic role of human papilloma virus associated with other factors. Currently sexually transmitted infection most common in the world, so that risk factors are closely linked to sexual behavior, number of sexual partners and early sexual activity at an early age (Casanova, Ortiz and Reyna, 2004) .

Parents and adolescent sexuality

Conscience is the most complex and synthetic reality, expresses the real being of the subject, since it is the subjective internalization of abstraction of the world in the personality of the subject. The knowledge about sexuality is acquiring the adolescent is formed along its historical path, which leads him to define a behavior to life and society in which it operates, namely social consciousness condenses into individual consciences through referrals that come from the modes of appropriation of the real and which are: the theory, empiricism, religion and art (Carrasco, 2007).

Talking sex with teens

Talking about sex with children can be an embarrassing and difficult for the adult. However, parents should consider that talk about these issues early and naturally, helps children and adolescents have clear ideas and greater responsibility for their body. Also, many parents have the misconception that talking about sex with their children may spark your curiosity and lead to young people to have an early experience, or to bring to the discussion topics as homosexuality could influence the preference their descendants. This fear must be overcome, because multiple studies and experience show that honest talk between parents and children helps to delay the onset of sexual activity, avoid risky behaviors and promote healthy sexual socialization of youth (Moura, nd)

When the child reaches the period starting prior to puberty (9 to 12 years) is likely to have talked with friends and classmates about sexuality. Also you may have erroneous beliefs and is confused in some respects, so that address the issue at this point is very different from when they were little. It is good to address the subject in a relaxed and take a chance, as when listening to news on sexuality that occur in the media or the birth of a baby in the family to create a discussion around the topic, you should always be very honest and clear answers that can come back to this conversation in new opportunities. At this age should be talking about AIDS and pregnancy and contraceptive methods and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. It’s good to address these issues in times of peace and not when there are problems. Also useful are courses or information campaigns about sexuality that exist in schools, clinics or centers.

In adolescence (13 to 18 years) sexuality becomes an issue of concern for most parents, as their children begin to leave in the afternoon and night without having absolute control over their activities. Despite the steady drumbeat in the media (movies, TV series) should be avoided and apprehensive attitudes rather from the fact that their descendants are no longer children and should be treated as adults who will soon be faced with unfamiliar situations . This will be reflected in the relationship parents have kept their children, if the dialogue has been positive and open, teens will turn to them because they know they have support and help. If, however, has never been a relationship of sincerity, the young seek information with others or in media such as magazines or the Internet, with the risk that, given the abundance of information, lack the ability to discern between useful and objective data and other disseminated irresponsibly (Moura, nd).

Emotional and sexual education in adolescence

Affective-Sexual Education aims to go beyond the information, the mere transmission of content and concepts that tend to be young. Must be integrated into the education of every person, from different areas: school, family, social. The family should be the first major educational environment for people, from the first moments of life, as are the parents / mothers, who generally have greater influence in the lives of children / as. This includes education in all its aspects, Affective-Sexual Education can not be an exception (Psychological Portal, 2009).

Sex Education is now a social demand, based on the rights of children and adolescents to be informed about this issue. This information must be rigorous, objective and complete at the biological, psychological and social, understanding human communication and sexuality as a source of health, pleasure and affection. In this sense it is impossible to separate sex and affection. If you intend to build a society in which men and women can live together in equality and without discrimination, is essential to provide adolescents with emotional and sexual education of quality, since the absence of this potential influence not only sexual dysfunction but also prevent transform the social bases to promote the building of a democratic society. We can not forget that while human sexuality is intimately linked to the private, is also socially and culturally regulated.

Sexual knowledge helps them grow as people. Learning to be happy is an ongoing challenge of being human, and sex education contributes in an important way to achieve this happiness, responding to the learning needs of adolescents actively lived. If, however, is limited to making sexual education focused on what is biological only deny the possibility of building a healthy personality and modify those ideas affective-sexual education in primary education, in many cases, are full of prejudices and imbued with sexist stereotypes (Values ​​Education, nd).

The role of parents in sex education

The empirical evidence on the association between parental influences and adolescent sexual behavior is very strong. The parent factor provides strong protection against the onset of early sexual activity, including an intact family structure, parental disapproval of sex in adolescents, a sense of belonging and satisfaction with their families, the parental control to a lesser extent, communication between parents and children about teen sex and its consequences.

The performance of the parents has at least two important policy implications. First, the programs and policies that seek to delay sexual activity or prevent teen pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases should encourage and strengthen the family structure and parental involvement. Doing so may increase the overall effectiveness of these efforts.

Whatever you do dads always sex educators, are transmitting positive or negative values, whatever they do can not fail to influence the behavior of children and adolescents and therefore can not but educate. Parents have no right or option or teach it wrong. For example, do not discuss sexual issues with children is already a form of education is a way to convey the idea that sexuality is taboo, dangerous, a topic which should not be talking. Silence is a form of repression by default.

Adults influence children and youth with what they do and what they say, but especially what they do. The behavior of adults regarding sexuality affects strongly the feelings and sexual behaviors of children and adolescents. The adults model behaviors, subtle and unconsciously, the behavior of children, each one of their behaviors are implied message is recorded in the minds of children. It is therefore important that parents are consistent in what they “say” and “do” as they say and how they say it (nonverbal).

Many parents and educators believe that they have educated their children sexually or students, just because they have not provided “sexual information”, unaware that something is to inform and the other is to educate, but to give formal information is part of the training that are given to children and adolescents. They know that through silence and evasion transmitting a negative emotional connotation regarding sexuality (Michoelsson, nd).

The psychologist and sexuality

Psychologists have played an important role in the rise of sexology, not only in the field of research and therapy, which are usually the areas most prestigious and professionally, but unknown and neglected tasks such as education and social disclosure. The vast work of education and disseminator of sexology, which in Spain has just begun five years ago, the psychologist has a first-line agent. In most of the centers for family planning, the promotion of health, child psychology, the psychologist is a professional within the team, assumes more directly the issue of sex education and its dissemination in talks , workshops and conferences.
About a month ago asked our readers to respond on what they believed is the future of mediation.

The answer, though not scientifically valid, leads us to reflect on the subject. The Majorie (61%) are moderately optimistic – portend a future  good, little by little we will see raises his use – and no one is clearly pessimistic.

Agree on the diagnosis. I also believe that the mediation continue to be implemented gradually  and that is precisely its weakness.

Most identify the role of mediator

Be neutral
Being focused on the process
Based on the interests
The key question now is: when a focus of these features contributes something to the people in conflict and when not?. Let’s see.

Bernard S. Mayer in his excellent book  Beyond Neutrality  MEDIATION tells us that you frequently fails or is rejected when:

The conflict is very intense or not intense enough
The stakes are too high or too low
People are very angry or they are too
People are stripped of power or too powerful
The issues are too complex or involved only one subject
There has been a history of conflict or the history of conflict is too long
People have a better alternative or no alternative but to give
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These factors are not absolute criteria Mayer says, but what is certain is that if the conflict falls on either end of the continuum, then it is less likely to use mediation. The question is why?

The reason for this rejection is that mediation:

participants requires a commitment  of time, emotional energy, intellectual effort and financial resources and
also requires the willingness to take risks and accept responsibility for finding acceptable solutions and, most importantly,
requires people to take care of that conflict  exists and that they face.
And the main problem is that there is a very small distance between the assumptions on which it is worth the effort and commitment required for mediation and those that seem too complicated or important to be resolved without the involvement of lawyers and the use of authority.

Thus continued Mayer in his analysis, the warring parties agree to or is more likely to accept the mediation only if:

The conflict in the middle range falls within the size and intensity
It is not possible or impractical the use of alternatives
Individuals are sufficiently committed and prepared to face conflict resolution
The conflicts come to the mediator in any of these assumptions is more likely to be accepted (we call “mediables cases”) are few and hence its implementation is slow .

This situation leads us to wonder about the necessity or desirability of expanding the role of mediation and the role of mediator – a neutral third party to conflict specialist – rebuilding the mediation model that can respond to increased variability of situations .

Like Mayer, I think if we want to be effective in helping people deal with conflict, the mediator must be able to engage in all stages of the conflictual and not only in the resolution stage with new roles. In this way we increase the value of mediation and the mediator for those who are in dispute.

The current level of expertise in the formation of the mediator leads the supposedly professional to intervene in conflicts not have the skills to intervene in most conflicts in which intervention is sought.

We agree with Mayer when he says that the limits of mediation are self-imposed limits to focus our activity on a single role: that of a neutral third party and must overcome these limits if we leave the current point where we are marginal and of little use for whom is in a conflict.

Our attitudes to the events of social life, personal and professional, should the association of three components:

* My sense (based on our information).

* My feelings: feelings to situations, people or our own person.

* Trends towards what we have before us, is our willingness or intent.

The three above components are assessments that we have previously done and cause a positive or negative. If we change our responses to X circumstances should we then make modifications to what we have learned, changing our feelings of rejection or approval, in order to achieve this have another kind of response we want, or that we know will lead to the result we expect.

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We must bear in mind that our social world is a tendency to take certain attitudes, because that’s where part of our learning, this therefore means that our attitude changes will impact in our context, it is then essential to recognize that adequate is our hand, if something really goes to favorable or create more conflicts must also be considered if we are willing to carry out the whole series of questions and internal evaluations as necessary (even if you seek professional help).

The change our attitude has to be a problem, is already a big step to acknowledge that we have to do something about our reactions. And there is no reason to fear a change decision, the worst is stagnating in these conflicts have been caused by a poor response.

If you are interested to know you better and improve your self esteem, how to discover now with hypnosis mental life changing fast, effective, customized and 100% safe!

Inconclusive duels always manifest in the thoughts, feelings and actions. People experience great sadness and fail to recover from a yesterday that it will never return.

Living in the past by remembering and longing for that situation, or that this relationship does not allow use emotional freedom in mind, we live life without, rather survive because we think we do not have the power to heal the wounds of a lost yesterday.

Loq ue we long for and fail to see what if we now have in our lives and what we have learned.

Be tied to conditions of the past confronts us with loneliness, sadness, bitterness and a life without meaning and without inner resources to heal. Any loss, everything always breaks can lead to growth and development. Inconclusive duels gnaw the soul, and life itself.

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Require taking seriously our life, which of course is the one with which we have and that no person may make the grieving process for us. It is incumbent on the individual and it is a personal task.

Sometimes in these duels unfinished self-esteem deteriorates but nothing can be more power over the value and personal pride more than our own inner authority. For a grieving process at times need help and go to specialists.

And it is now time for no other, this is the only time which dsiponemos for action on our wounds and personal recovery.

Life is a moment and when we turn back or stop future experience it with all its intensity.

Closing cycles and stages in life is to heal this condition.

INTERVENTION THREE BILLY psychotherapist

Billy continued therapy with a break of eight days, because the father argued the presence of a family visit, with whom would come the weekend, so it would extend the appointment.

Initially, I conceived a child’s resistance against the psychotherapeutic process, but following the progress of therapy made me evaluate it as a breakthrough, because the child was presented in front of his father and sister, a girl of eight years, Catherine, overweight very intelligent, fifth grade, second place in the class, and that Billy’s drawings appeared at the fore, at present eating disorders as Billy, and discard the therapeutic work.

When the father was to be removed for initiating therapy with Billy, was asked if he wanted to stay Catalina, and as the response was positive, psychotherapeutic work with both children came forward, and later, Catherine reported that Billy had come to observed therapy.

Catherine began to type a story about a happy family together, going out to recreate, Billy, I dictated the following story: “There once was a witch and the monster ate the witch and the witch comes” Desogen “and eats the lion. ”

Both children illustrate their stories, Billy makes the blurred witch and the red monster with very highlighted.

In the next step we make a puppet theater, the three advance our personal appearance, Catherine, Rose appears as Pinocchio, but provides all information exactly familiar, while Billy, just presented with the same name and identity of their sister, the only thing that varies is argued to be in first grade, this surprises his sister.

Later, Catherine and Billy on a board with chalk, draw a happy family and a sad, Billy’s father always draws large in the foreground, this time drew his greatest mother, not a point, as on previous therapy, but he drew with a point.

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Catherine draws the sad family with mother and father very young, he argues that the family is sad, because the father humiliates the mother tells her ugly, this silent and endure everything in silence, quickly cleared the family and makes a family happy father’s mother appears at the request of Billy, in this second family, she is near it, he argues that everyone is happy, because they go out and want in the family she is still the largest with Billy, when he asks Billy who cares, she cares for answers or grandmother when they are studying.

It should be noted that Billy’s father comes from a family where he was the “Ugly Duckling”, the scapegoat, his older brother was nice, intelligently accepted, even living in the house, which her brother gave her in bailment for habitation, perhaps this explains the close link and protector with Billy, who feels displaced by her sister.

When Billy sees this sad family, tells Catherine that gave him a card to Dad, telling him he loves you, to keep everyone happy

Then make cards to give to his parents, Billy made a painting with tempera, eagerly sought the yellow color, apply lots of blue, favorite color, the father tries to make huge, and it covers and packaging mix colors, predominantly black, dry leaves, and her sister made the cards to his mother and father with great ease and aesthetic creativity, but more damage to begin with, in a written “Mapi” because Mom and Dad wanted to write.

A discussion between the two brothers, Billy calls the card because it made his father, to make sample, which leads to impatience in Catalina, who finally understood and calm, understanding that is a model that his brother is all time imitating.

When painting Billy Waters, Catherine censured for his actions, he says it is messy and will not be able to go first, although not hit, if there is an ironic language that undervalues ​​the dignity of Billy.

Later Catherine asks if he can go to Facebook, opens it and enters into an encounter with a friend who uses an adult sensual photography, does not like children’s music of Billy and the volume removed, Billy did not claim for such an act, but he sings quietly.

Finally to get the father, where he asks Catherine, Billy tries to give the card, but this time not bend or wrap, to see how he does his sister, who is the first to receive it, honor him and give him the card and then perform the same ritual of it, but pressing the tape almost to tear the paper, the delivery to his father.

Billy’s father tells him everything that made in therapy and what they ate ice cream and cookies, but all the time asked for the dessert.

In the letter it ends when it dictates that you love to write eight hundred times, as the father says it’s much, says write once, the father placed face of sadness, then the child is happy, because he wrote the article ” I love you eight hundred times, “Billy says he does not know sign, but finally does, the father corrects a single error in writing, Catherine says that he writes very nice, the two play the schoolhouse.

The child goes almost without saying goodbye to be for a party.

The parent states that the initiation of therapy and study and eat Billy, that everything is going very well with his son, does not hesitate to say that Catherine is his daughter, proudly showing it, the truth is that Catherine is from another home.

Catalina says during therapy who are overweight, because they eat little soup, which just like the soup that prepares her mother, who likes the sweet rope.

Catalina presents a scheme organized and self-demanding perfectionist, has a computer in his bedroom which is good to get use to analyze, because its language and thought, are more adult, as a child, has a phobia of rats, especially in their eyes, as projective tests, it will be future work to evaluate.